Foreign-Born US Congress Members

Only Indian citizens may vote. India does not permit dual citizenship. OCI cardholders cannot vote or contest elections.

Only Mexican citizens may vote. Foreign residents have no voting rights at any level. Naturalized citizens can vote but cannot become president.

EU citizens may vote in local and EU Parliament elections. Non-EU foreign residents are excluded from national elections. Naturalization generally requires renouncing prior citizenship.

Only Japanese citizens can vote. Dual citizenship is prohibited. Non-citizens have no voting rights at any level.

Peru restricts national voting to citizens only. Non-citizen residents cannot vote at any level.

Canada strictly limits voting to citizens only — federal, provincial, and municipal. Even permanent residents cannot vote anywhere in Canada.

Permanent foreign residents with 3+ years of residence may vote in local elections only. Non-citizens cannot vote in national elections.

Only Ukrainian citizens may vote. Non-citizens have no voting rights. Wartime conditions since 2022 have severely disrupted elections.

EU residents may vote in local and EU Parliament elections. Non-EU non-citizens are barred from national elections.

Only ROC (Taiwan) citizens may vote. Non-citizen foreign residents have no voting rights at any level.

Only Guatemalan citizens may vote in national elections. Non-citizen residents cannot vote at any level.

Only Dominican citizens may vote in national elections. Non-citizen residents have no voting rights, though diaspora citizens may vote from abroad.

Only Thai citizens may vote. Non-citizens have no voting rights at any level. Naturalized citizens must have held citizenship 5+ years.

Only Pakistani citizens may vote. Non-citizen residents have no voting rights. Pakistan does not recognize dual citizenship from most countries.

EU and UK citizens may vote in local and European Parliament elections. Non-EU residents are excluded from national elections.

Scotland grants voting rights in Scottish Parliament and local elections to all foreign nationals with leave to remain, including non-EU citizens. One of the broadest frameworks globally.

Somalia operates an indirect clan-based electoral system with very limited democratic function. Non-citizen voting rights are not established.

Cuba holds elections under a one-party Communist system. Non-citizens have no voting rights and elections are not competitive.

Foreign residents with legal status may vote in local (mayoral/city council) elections after 5 years of residence. National elections are restricted to citizens.