Canada and the US Congress

Banned at all levels14 naturalized US Congress members

Canada strictly limits voting to citizens only — federal, provincial, and municipal. Even permanent residents cannot vote anywhere in Canada.

Non-citizen voting banned

The Canada-to-Congress story

Canada has produced 14 naturalized citizens who went on to serve in the US Congress — 1 in the House of Representatives and 13 in the Senate. 2 are currently serving, while 12 have completed their congressional careers. The first of them entered Congress in 1861, during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age; the most recent arrived in 2021, during the modern Congress. Collectively they represented 13 different US states — a reminder that naturalized-citizen members of Congress come from every region of the country, not a single immigrant gateway.

Canada reserves the ballot for its own citizens: non-native-born residents cannot vote in any election there, no matter how long they have lived in the country. Specifically: Canada strictly limits voting to citizens only — federal, provincial, and municipal. Even permanent residents cannot vote anywhere in Canada.

Canada-born members have caucused with multiple parties over the years — Democrat, Republican — so there is no single partisan signature to the Canada-to-Congress pipeline. That produces a striking asymmetry with the United States, which not only naturalized this member but then elected them to help write federal law. A naturalized American who returned to Canada would have no such political voice there. Across the full history of the US Congress, Canada ranks 2nd of 38 tracked birth countries, accounting for 14 naturalized-citizen lawmakers.

Put plainly: a person born in Canada can be entrusted by American voters with a seat in the US Congress, writing federal law for hundreds of millions of people. Yet the same person, if they returned to Canada, would be barred from casting even a single ballot there. That is the contrast this tracker exists to surface.

14Total members
2Currently serving
1House
13Senate

Currently serving

Historical members(12)

Frequently asked questions

Can a naturalized US citizen born in Canada serve in the US Congress?

Yes. The US Constitution requires only that a Representative be a US citizen for at least seven years and a Senator for nine years; there is no birth-country restriction. Every member listed above met that standard.

Does Canada allow naturalized or non-native-born residents to vote?

Banned at all levels. Canada strictly limits voting to citizens only — federal, provincial, and municipal. Even permanent residents cannot vote anywhere in Canada.

How many members of the US Congress were born in Canada?

14 in total across the years tracked — 1 in the House and 13 in the Senate. Of those, 2 are still serving today.